汉语语法第三十六讲：复句类 (Fùjù Lèi) – Compound Sentences

Compound sentences consist of two or more clauses that are connected by conjunctions or punctuation marks. They express relationships between different ideas or events.

并列复句 (Bìngliè Fùjù) – Coordinate Sentences:

82. 一边……，一边…… (Yībiān…, Yībiān…):

This structure indicates two actions happening simultaneously.

Example:

他一边吃饭，一边看电视 (tā yībiān chīfàn, yībiān kàn diànshì) – He was eating while watching TV.

她一边唱歌，一边跳舞 (tā yībiān chànggē, yībiān tiàowǔ) – She was singing while dancing.

因果复句 (Yīnguǒ Fùjù) – Causal Sentences:

83. 因为……，所以…… (Yīnwèi…, Suǒyǐ…):

This structure expresses a cause-and-effect relationship.

Example:

因为下雨，所以我们不能去公园 (yīnwèi xià yǔ, suǒyǐ wǒmen bùnéng qù gōngyuán) – Because it’s raining, we can’t go to the park.

因为我生病了，所以今天没有去上班 (yīnwèi wǒ shēngbìng le, suǒyǐ jīntiān méiyǒu qù shàngbān) – Because I was sick, I didn’t go to work today.

84. 既然……，就…… (Jìrán…, Jiù…):

This structure expresses a cause and a consequent action, implying a logical connection between the two clauses.

Example:

既然你来了，就一起吃饭吧 (jìrán nǐ lái le, jiù yīqǐ chīfàn ba) – Since you are here, let’s eat together.

既然你决定了，就不要再犹豫了 (jìrán nǐ juédìng le, jiù bù yào zài yóuyù le) – Since you’ve decided, don’t hesitate anymore.

承接复句 (Chéngjiē Fùjù) – Consecutive Sentences

85. 先……，再/然后…… (Xiān…, Zài/Ránhòu…):

This structure indicates a sequence of actions or events.

Example:

先吃饭，再睡觉 (xiān chīfàn, zài shuìjiào) – Eat first, then sleep.

我先去超市，然后去图书馆 (wǒ xiān qù chāoshì, ránhòu qù túshūguǎn) – I will go to the supermarket first, then the library.

选择复句 (Xuǎnzé Fùjù) – Alternative Sentences

86. 不是……，就是…… (Bùshì…, Jiùshì…):

This structure presents two or more possibilities, indicating that one of them must be true.

Example:

不是他来的，就是她来的 (bùshì tā lái de, jiùshì tā lái de) – Either he came or she came.

不是今天去，就是明天去 (bùshì jīntiān qù, jiùshì míngtiān qù) – We will go either today or tomorrow.

87. 宁可……，也…… (Nìngkě…, Yě…):

This structure expresses a strong preference for one option over another, even if it involves a sacrifice.

Example:

宁可辛苦一点，也要把工作做好 (nìngkě xīnkǔ yīdiǎn, yě yào bǎ gōngzuò zuò hǎo) – I’d rather work hard than do the work poorly.

我宁可步行，也不愿意坐公交车 (wǒ nìngkě bùxíng, yě bù yuànyì zuò gōngjiāoche) – I’d rather walk than take the bus.

假设复句 (Jiǎshè Fùjù) – Hypothetical Sentences

88. 如果（要是）……，就…… (Rúguǒ (Yàoshi)…, Jiù…):

This structure expresses a conditional statement, indicating a consequence if a certain condition is met.

Example:

如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园 (rúguǒ míngtiān bù xià yǔ, wǒmen jiù qù gōngyuán) – If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.

要是你生病了，就应该去看医生 (yàoshi nǐ shēngbìng le, jiù yīnggāi qù kàn yīshēng) – If you are sick, you should see a doctor.

递进复句 (Dìjìn Fùjù) – Gradational Sentences

89. 不但……，而且…… (Bùdàn…, Érqiě…):

This structure indicates that something is not only true, but also something else, often implying an intensification or expansion of the first statement.

Example:

他不但学习成绩好，而且人品也很好 (tā bùdàn xuéxí chéngjì hǎo, érqiě rénpǐn yě hěn hǎo) – He is not only good at studies, but he also has good character.

她不但漂亮，而且性格也很好 (tā bùdàn piàoliang, érqiě xìnggé yě hěn hǎo) – She is not only beautiful, but she also has a good personality.

条件复句 (Tiáojiàn Fùjù) – Conditional Sentences

90. 无论……，都…… (Wúlùn…, Dōu…):

This structure expresses a condition that holds true regardless of circumstances.

Example:

无论你做什么，都要努力 (wúlùn nǐ zuò shénme, dōu yào nǔlì) – No matter what you do, you should work hard.

无论天气怎么样，我们都要去郊游 (wúlùn tiānqì zěnmeyang, wǒmen dōu yào qù jiāoyóu) – Regardless of the weather, we will go on an outing.

让步复句 (Ràngbù Fùjù) – Concessive Sentences

91. 即使……，也…… (Jíshǐ…, Yě…):

This structure expresses that something is true even if another condition is present. It concedes a point before presenting a counter-argument or a different conclusion.

Example:

即使你很累，也要坚持下去 (jíshǐ nǐ hěn lèi, yě yào jiānchí xiàqù) – Even if you are tired, you should keep going.

即使他很聪明，也不一定能成功 (jíshǐ tā hěn cōngming, yě bù yīdìng néng chénggōng) – Even if he is very smart, he may not necessarily succeed.

转折复句 (Zhuǎnzhe Fùjù) – Concessive Sentences

92. 虽然……，但是…… (Suīrán…, Dànshì…):

This structure presents a contrast or contradiction between two clauses. It acknowledges a point but then introduces a different or opposing idea.

Example:

虽然他很努力，但是成绩还是不太好 (suīrán tā hěn nǔlì, dànshì chéngjì hái shì bù tài hǎo) – Although he works very hard, his grades are still not very good.

虽然天气很冷，但是我们还是要出去散步 (suīrán tiānqì hěn lěng, dànshì wǒmen hái shì yào chūqù sànbù) – Although it is very cold, we still need to go for a walk.

紧缩复句 (Jǐnsuō Fùjù) – Elliptical Sentences

93. ……了……(就)…… (… Le … (Jiù)…):

This structure is a shortened form of a conditional sentence. It omits the “如果” (rúguǒ) – “if” and often uses “就” (jiù) – “then” to indicate the consequence.

Example:

他饿了就吃饭 (tā è le jiù chīfàn) – If he is hungry, he eats.

你累了就休息 (nǐ lèi le jiù xiūxi) – If you are tired, you rest.