汉语语法第二十五讲：疑问句 (Yíwènjù) – Interrogative Sentences

58. 吗 (ma), 吧 (ba), 呢 (ne):

These particles are added to the end of a declarative sentence to turn it into a question.

吗 (ma): Indicates a neutral question seeking confirmation.

吧 (ba): Indicates a tentative question seeking agreement.

呢 (ne): Indicates a question seeking additional information or clarification.

Example:

你今天去学校吗？ (nǐ jīntiān qù xuéxiào ma?) – Are you going to school today?

我们去吃饭吧？ (wǒmen qù chīfàn ba?) – Let’s go eat, shall we?

你今天吃了什么？ (nǐ jīntiān chī le shénme?) – What did you eat today?

59. 什么 (shénme), 谁 (shuí), 哪 (nǎ), 哪儿 (nǎr), 几 (jǐ), 多少 (duōshǎo), 多大 (duōdà), 什么时候 (shénme shíhou):

These interrogative words are used to ask specific questions:

什么 (shénme): What?

谁 (shuí): Who?

哪 (nǎ): Which?

哪儿 (nǎr): Where?

几 (jǐ): How many? (for small numbers)

多少 (duōshǎo): How many? (for larger numbers)

多大 (duōdà): How big/old?

什么时候 (shénme shíhou): When?

Example:

你要吃什么？ (nǐ yào chī shénme?) – What do you want to eat?

谁在敲门？ (shuí zài qiāo mén?) – Who is knocking on the door?

你去哪儿？ (nǐ qù nǎr?) – Where are you going?

60. ……还是……？ (…háishì…?) – “Or” Questions:

This structure presents two or more options and asks for a choice.

Example:

你要喝茶还是咖啡？ (nǐ yào hē chá háishì kāfēi?) – Do you want tea or coffee?

你想去公园还是去图书馆？ (nǐ xiǎng qù gōngyuán háishì qù túshūguǎn?) – Do you want to go to the park or the library?

61. 正反疑问句 (Zhèngfǎn Yíwènjù) – Yes/No Questions:

This structure presents a statement and asks for confirmation or denial. It often uses the particles “吗” (ma) or “吧” (ba).

Example:

你今天来过这里吗？ (nǐ jīntiān lái guò zhèli ma?) – Have you been here today?

我们明天去逛街吧？ (wǒmen míngtiān qù guàngjiē ba?) – Shall we go shopping tomorrow?

62. 名词短语 + 怎么样？ (Noun Phrase + Zěnmeyang?):

This structure asks for an opinion or evaluation of something.

Example:

这本书怎么样？ (zhè běn shū zěnmeyang?) – How is this book?

这个电影怎么样？ (zhège diànyǐng zěnmeyang?) – How is this movie?

小句，怎么样 (hǎo ma/kěyǐ ma/xíng ma)? (Clause + Zěnmeyang (hǎo ma/kěyǐ ma/xíng ma)?):

This structure asks for permission or confirmation for a proposed action.

Example:

我们现在去吃饭，怎么样？ (wǒmen xiànzài qù chīfàn, zěnmeyang?) – We go eat now, how about that?

我帮你做作业，好吗？ (wǒ bāng nǐ zuò zuòyè, hǎo ma?) – I’ll help you do your homework, okay?