汉语语法第十九讲：情态补语 (Qíngtài Bǔyǔ) – Modal Complement

Modal complements describe the manner, degree, or state of the action performed by the verb. They express how, to what extent, or in what condition the action is carried out.

42. (主语 +) 动词 + 得 + 形容词 (Subject + Verb + De + Adjective):

This structure describes the manner or degree of the action.

Example:

他跑得很快 (tā pǎo de hěn kuài) – He runs very fast.

她唱得很好听 (tā chàng de hěn hǎo tīng) – She sings very beautifully.

这个故事写得很精彩 (zhège gùshi xiě de hěn jīngcǎi) – This story is written very excitingly.

** (主语 +) 形容词/心理感觉动词 + 极了 (Subject + Adjective/Mental Verb + Jíle):**

This structure expresses a high degree or intensity of the feeling or state.

Example:

天气热极了 (tiānqì rè jíle) – The weather is extremely hot.

我很高兴 (wǒ hěn gāoxìng) – I am very happy.

他生气极了 (tā shēngqì jíle) – He is extremely angry.

** (主语 +) 形容词/动词 + 得 + 小句 (Subject + Adjective/Verb + De + Clause):**

This structure expresses a more detailed or nuanced description of the manner or state.

Example:

他笑得合不拢嘴 (tā xiào de hé bù lóng zuǐ) – He laughed so hard he couldn’t close his mouth.

我饿得吃不下饭了 (wǒ è de chī bù xià fàn le) – I am so hungry I can’t eat.

43. (施事主语 +) 动词 + 受事 + 动词 + 得 + 形容词 (Agent + Verb + Patient + Verb + De + Adjective):

This structure describes the manner or degree in which the agent performs the action on the patient.

Example:

他把门关得很紧 (tā bǎ mén guān de hěn jǐn) – He closed the door very tightly.

她把衣服洗得很干净 (tā bǎ yīfu xǐ de hěn gānjìng) – She washed the clothes very clean.

** (施事主语 +) 受事 + 动词 + 得 + 形容词 (Agent + Patient + Verb + De + Adjective):**

This structure focuses on the state of the patient after the action.

Example:

这块石头磨得很光滑 (zhè kuài shítou mó de hěn guānghuá) – This stone is polished very smoothly.

窗户擦得很干净 (chuānghù cā de hěn gānjìng) – The window is wiped very clean.

44. 受事 + 施事 + 动词 + 得 + 形容词 (Patient + Agent + Verb + De + Adjective):

This structure is less common, but it places the patient first, emphasizing the state of the patient.

Example:

这个蛋糕做得很好看 (zhège dàngāo zuò de hěn hǎokàn) – This cake is made very beautifully.

书包背得很舒服 (shūbāo bèi de hěn shūfu) – The backpack is very comfortable to wear.