汉语语法第三十讲：兼语句 (Jiānyùjù) – Combined Sentence

70. 主语 + 请/让/叫 + 某人 + 动词短语 (Subject + Qǐng/Ràng/Jiào + Person + Verb Phrase):

In Chinese grammar, the sentence structure “主语 + 请/让/叫 + 某人 + 动词短语” (Subject + Qǐng/Ràng/Jiào + Person + Verb Phrase) is used to express a request or an order directed to another person. The subject of the sentence is the person making the request or giving the order, while the verb phrase indicates the action or task that is being requested or ordered. The words “请” (qǐng), “让” (ràng), and “叫” (jiào) are all used to express requests or orders, but they have slightly different nuances:

请 (qǐng) is the most polite way to make a request, typically used in formal or respectful situations.

让 (ràng) is more neutral and can be used in both formal and informal situations.

叫 (jiào) is the most direct way to give an order, often used in situations where authority or urgency is present.

Structure of the Sentence Pattern

The sentence pattern “主语 + 请/让/叫 + 某人 + 动词短语” consists of four main components:

1.Subject (主语): The subject of the sentence is the person making the request or giving the order.

2.Request/Order Marker (请/让/叫): The words “请” (qǐng), “让” (ràng), or “叫” (jiào) are used to indicate that a request or order is being made.

3.Person (某人): The person to whom the request or order is directed is identified by a noun or pronoun.

4.Verb Phrase (动词短语): The verb phrase describes the action or task that is being requested or ordered.

Examples of Subject + 请/让/叫 + Person + Verb Phrase Sentences

Here are 10 examples of sentences that follow the pattern “主语 + 请/让/叫 + 某人 + 动词短语” along with their English translations:

Example 1:

Chinese: 请 你 帮忙 拿一下 书。 (Qǐng nǐ bāngmáng ná yīxià shū.)

English: Please help me get the book.

Explanation:

• Subject: 请 (Qǐng) – please
• Request/Order Marker: 请 (qǐng) – please
• Person: 你 (nǐ) – you
• Verb Phrase: 帮忙拿一下书 (bāngmáng ná yīxià shū) – help me get the book

Example 2:

Chinese: 老师 让 我们 写一篇作文。 (Lǎoshī ràng wǒmen xiě yī piān zuòwén.)

English: The teacher asked us to write an essay.

Explanation:

• Subject: 老师 (Lǎoshī) – the teacher
• Request/Order Marker: 让 (ràng) – asked
• Person: 我们 (wǒmen) – us
• Verb Phrase: 写一篇作文 (xiě yī piān zuòwén) – to write an essay

Example 3:

Chinese: 妈妈 叫 我 去 关门。 (Māmā jiào wǒ qù guān mén.)

English: Mom told me to go close the door.

Explanation:

• Subject: 妈妈 (Māmā) – mom
• Request/Order Marker: 叫 (jiào) – told
• Person: 我 (wǒ) – me
• Verb Phrase: 去关门 (qù guān mén) – to go close the door

Example 4:

Chinese: 请 服务员 帮 我 点菜。 (Qǐng fúwùyuán bāng wǒ diǎncài.)

English: Please ask the waiter to help me order food.

Explanation:

• Subject:请 (Qǐng) – please

This sentence begins with the word “请” (qǐng), which is the most polite way to make a request in Chinese. It indicates that the speaker is asking the waiter to do something for them in a respectful and courteous manner.

• Request/Order Marker:请 (qǐng) – please

The word “请” (qǐng) also serves as the request/order marker in this sentence. It clearly conveys that the speaker is making a request rather than giving an order.

• Person:服务员 (fúwùyuán) – the waiter

The phrase “服务员” (fúwùyuán) identifies the person to whom the request is being directed. It specifically indicates that the speaker is asking the waiter, not any other restaurant staff, to help them order food.

• Verb Phrase:帮 我 点菜 (bāng wǒ diǎncài) – to help me order food

The verb phrase “帮 我 点菜” (bāng wǒ diǎncài) describes the specific action or task that the speaker is requesting from the waiter. It breaks down as follows:

帮 (bāng) – to help

This word indicates that the speaker is asking the waiter to assist them in the task of ordering food.

我 (wǒ) – me

The pronoun “我” (wǒ) specifies that the speaker is the one who needs help ordering food. It clarifies that the request is not for someone else.

点菜 (diǎncài) – to order food

This phrase directly expresses the action of ordering food, making it clear to the waiter what the speaker is asking for assistance with.

Example 5:

Chinese: 请 你 稍等一下，我 马上 就 过来。 (Qǐng nǐ shǎoděng yīxià, wǒ mǎshàng jiù guòlái.)

English: Please wait a moment,I will be there soon.

Explanation:

• Subject: 请 (Qǐng) – please
• Request/Order Marker: 请 (qǐng) – please
• Person: 你 (nǐ) – you
• Verb Phrase: 稍等一下 (shǎoděng yīxià) – wait a moment

Example 6:

Chinese: 医生 让 病人 躺下休息。 (Yīshēng ràng bìngrén tǎngxià xiūxí.)

English: The doctor asked the patient to lie down and rest.

Explanation:

• Subject: 医生 (Yīshēng) – the doctor
• Request/Order Marker: 让 (ràng) – asked
• Person: 病人 (bìngrén) – the patient
• Verb Phrase: 躺下休息 (tǎngxià xiūxí) – to lie down and rest

Example 7:

Chinese: 老师 叫 学生们 安静 一点。 (Lǎoshī jiào xuéshēngmen ānjīng yīdiǎn.)

English: The teacher told the students to be a little quieter.

Explanation:

• Subject: 老师 (Lǎoshī) – the teacher
• Request/Order Marker: 叫 (jiào) – told
• Person: 学生们 (xuéshēngmen) – the students
• Verb Phrase: 安静一点 (ānjīng yīdiǎn) – to be a little quieter

Example 8:

Chinese: 请 你 帮 我 翻译 这段 文字。 (Qǐng nǐ bāng wǒ fānyì zhè duàn wénzì.)

English: Please help me translate this passage.

Explanation:

• Subject: 请 (Qǐng) – please
• Request/Order Marker: 请 (qǐng) – please
• Person: 你 (nǐ) – you
• Verb Phrase: 帮我翻译这段文字 (bāng wǒ fānyì zhè duàn wénzì) – help me translate this passage

Example 9:

Chinese: 妈妈 让 我 帮 她 做家务。 (Māmā ràng wǒ bāng tā zuò jiāwù.)

English: Mom asked me to help her with the housework.

Explanation:

• Subject: 妈妈 (Māmā) – mom
• Request/Order Marker: 让 (ràng) – asked
• Person: 我 (wǒ) – me
• Verb Phrase: 帮她做家务 (bāng tā zuò jiāwù) – to help her with the housework

Example 10:

Chinese: 请 服务员 帮 我 结账。 (Qǐng fúwùyuán bāng wǒ jiézhàng.)

English: Please ask the waiter to help me pay the bill.

Explanation:

• Subject: 请 (Qǐng) – please
• Request/Order Marker: 请 (qǐng) – please
• Person: 服务员 (fúwùyuán) – the waiter
• Verb Phrase: 帮我结账 (bāng wǒ jiézhàng) – to help me pay the bill